The intricate functioning of synapses plays a pivotal role in transmitting and processing information within the nervous system. One intriguing phenomenon that has garnered recent attention is the role of protein phase separation in the organization of the synapse. Protein phase separation, a process that organizes biomolecules into distinct liquid-like compartments within cells, is a key mechanism which regulates the local distribution of proteins in time and space. The lamprey, an ancient jawless fish and early vertebrate, possesses unique giant synapses that offers an exceptional platform to investigating protein phase separation and protein localisation at the synaptic level.

This project aims to leverage the lamprey giant synapse model to unravel the intricacies of protein phase separation gaining new insights into its role in synaptic physiology and malfunction impacting neurodegenerative disorders.

Utilizing advanced microscopy techniques we aim to unravel protein phase separation dynamics at the synapse, investigating the factors that influence the formation, dissolution, and maintenance of liquid-like compartments.

This project holds the significance to elucidate new fundamental mechanisms in synapse biology and protein phase separation. Using the lamprey giant synapse model, we can overcome the limitations posed by mammalian models and investigate phase separation in a simplified yet relevant context. The insights gained from this study have several broad-reaching implications:

Fundamental Insights: Unveiling mechanisms of protein phase separation at the synapse will provide new fundamental insights into how neurons regulate the complex ochestration of different function in a small space like the synapse.

Neurodegenerative diseases: Understanding the relationship between protein phase separation and neurological disorders can lead to new strategies for preventing and treating conditions that involve synaptic dysfunction.

Method Development: This project will contribute to the advancement of scientific knowledge establishing new protocols to address and visualize synaptic protein organization at the synapse.